This study aims to identify key miRNAs in circulation, which predict ongoing beta-cell destruction and regeneration in children\r\nwith newly diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). We compared expression level of sera miRNAs from new onset T1D children and\r\nage-matched healthy controls and related the miRNAs expression levels to beta-cell function and glycaemic control. Global miRNA\r\nsequencing analyses were performed on sera pools from two T1D cohorts (n = 275 and 129, resp.) and one control group (n =\r\n151). We identified twelve upregulated human miRNAs in T1D patients (miR-152, miR-30a-5p, miR-181a, miR-24, miR-148a,\r\nmiR-210, miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-26a, miR-27b, miR-25, miR-200a); several of these miRNAs were linked to apoptosis and betacell\r\nnetworks. Furthermore, we identified miR-25 as negatively associated with residual beta-cell function (est.: -0.12, P = 0.0037),\r\nand positively associated with glycaemic control (HbA1c) (est.: 0.11, P = 0.0035) 3 months after onset. In conclusion this study\r\ndemonstrates that miR-25 might be a ââ?¬Å?tissue-specificââ?¬Â miRNA for glycaemic control 3 months after diagnosis in new onset T1D\r\nchildren and therefore supports the role of circulating miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for tissue physiopathology and potential\r\nintervention targets.
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